Assignment#2

How to install Microsoft Windows 2000.

Answer
Below are the steps required to install the standard version of Microsoft Windows 2000. It is important to realize that some computer manufacturers have their own proprietary install of Windows 2000 on a Recovery or Restore disc. Therefore, the below steps may not all apply to how Windows 2000 is installed on your computer. If the below steps do not apply to how Microsoft Windows 2000 is installed on your computer and you are unable to correctly reinstall Windows 2000, it is recommended you contact your computer manufacturer for additional help; Computer Hope will not know how to install Windows using your manufacturer's CD.

1.The standard Microsoft Windows 2000 CD is bootable. Therefore, start by placing the Windows 2000 CD in your computer and reboot.
2.As computer boots it may prompt you to press any key to boot from CD. Press any key. If you do not get this prompt or are unable to boot from the CD, please refer to document CH000217 for information on how to boot from a CD.
3.When prompted, press the enter key to setup Windows.
4.If you agree with the license agreement, press the F8 key.
5.If a previous Operating System was on the computer that you do not wish to keep, it is recommend you delete the partition before installing Windows. To delete the partition, select the partition you wish to delete and press the D key and then if you are sure, the L key.
6.Once the partition has been deleted, press the C key to create a new partition; specify the size of the partition you wish to create, by default this should be the maximum size of the partition.
7.Select the partition you want to install windows on and press enter to install, and C to continue with the setup
8.If you erased the partition, press enter to continue with the formatting of the NTFS file system.
9.Once the computer has rebooted, do not press any key to boot from the CD and let the computer boot and continue the remainder of the install for Windows 2000.
10.Complete the remainder of the setup by filling out or setting each of the remaining questions and/or options.

Windows XP Installation

Askpcexperts offer the solutions to the people whether the call for hardware, or software.

The important point is serving people in a way that what they are looking for regarding computer software or hardware issue.

For Windows XP Installation askpcexperts suggest you Step-by-Step Instructions.

Initially, you need to alter your BIOS boot array to boot from CD-ROM so that you may be able to boot your PC by the Installation CD.

Now wait for a while so that entire installation starts to duplicate the preliminary setup files to your PC.

Later than this finishes you'll be all set to begin directing the download process.

Later than this you may be asked if you desire to execute a new installation, mend an offered installation, or stop.

Now, if you want to perform a new installation then just Press the yes option.

Now go through all the terms and conditions and then press F8 to accept the agreement.

Later than this you are free to do partitions of hard drive and to make the space available for each partition.

After the some basic requirements like key no, drive name, user name and password, you get installed windows XP gradually.

Assignment#1

Motherboard

A motherboard is the central or primary circuit board making up a complex electronic system, such as a modern computer. It is also known as a mainboard, baseboard, system board, or, on Apple computers, a logic board, and is sometimes abbreviated as mobo.[1]
Most after-market motherboards produced today are designed for so-called IBM-compatible computers, which hold over 96% of the personal computer market today.[2] Motherboards for IBM-compatible computers are specifically covered in the PC motherboard article.
The basic purpose of the motherboard, like a backplane, is to provide the electrical and logical connections by which the other components of the system communicate.
A typical desktop computer is built with the microprocessor, main memory, and other essential components on the motherboard. Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices are typically attached to the motherboard via edge connectors and cables, although in modern computers it is increasingly common to integrate these "peripherals" into the motherboard.

Compnents and functionso

The 2004 K7VT4A Pro[3] motherboard by ASRock. The chipset on this board consists of northbridge and southbridge chips.
The motherboard of a typical desktop consists of a large PCB. It holds electronic components and interconnects, as well as physical connectors (sockets, slots, and headers) into which other computer components may be inserted or attached.
Most motherboards include, at a minimum:
sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors (CPUs) are installed[4]
slots into which the system's main memory is installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips)
a chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory, and peripheral buses
non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS
a clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components
slots for expansion cards (these interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)
power connectors and circuits, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards.[5]

Bootstrapping using the BIOS

A computer motherboard is a piece of hardware: it is the physical circuits and interconnecting wires that forms the backbone of a computer. It has logic circuits which can be manipulated and controlled by the operator, the software program, and input peripherals. But in order to begin operating from a power-off state, a motherboard must be bootstrapped (or simply, booted) by an initial set of software instructions. Without this vital software, the motherboard is rendered useless.
Most modern motherboard designs use a BIOS, stored in a EEPROM chip soldered to the motherboard, to bootstrap the motherboard. (Socketed BIOS chips are widely used, also.) By booting the motherboard, the memory, circuitry, and peripherals are tested and configured. This process is known as a Power On Self Test or POST. Errors during POST result in POST error codes, ranging from simple audible beeps from the speaker to complex diagnostic messages displayed on the video monitor.
The BIOS often requires configuration settings to be stored on the motherboard. Since configuration settings must be easily edited, these settings are often stored in non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) rather than in some sort of read-only memory (ROM). When a user makes configuration changes or alters the date and time of the computer, this small NVRAM circuit stores the data. Typically, a small, long-lasting battery (e.g. a lithium coin cell CR2032) is used to keep the NVRAM "refreshed" for many years. Therefore, a failing battery on a motherboard will produce the symptoms of a computer that cannot determine the correct date and time, nor remember what hardware configuration the user has selected. The BIOS itself is unaffected by the status of the battery.
When IBM first introduced the PC in the 1980s, imitations were quite common. (The physical parts which made up the motherboard were trivial to acquire.) However, the imitations were never successful until the IBM ROM BIOS was legally copied.[10] To understand why copying the BIOS was an important step, consider that the BIOS contained vital instructions which interacted with peripherals. Without these software instructions in the BIOS, a PC would not function properly. (In most modern computer operating systems, the BIOS is bypassed for most hardware functions, but in the 1980s, the BIOS served many vital low-level functions.)
So when Compaq Computer Corp. spent US$1 million to clone the IBM BIOS using reverse engineering, they became an elite computer manufacturer of IBM PC Clones. Phoenix Technology soon matched their feat and began reselling BIOSes to other clone makers.[11] It has been noted that Microsoft was more than happy to license the operating system (DOS), and IBM was more than happy to sue companies[12] that violated the copyright of their BIOS. But by documenting and publicizing the reverse engineering of the BIOS, Compaq and Phoenix were legally competing with IBM using their own copyrighted BIOS